I will use a specific numerical example but will include
general equations so that you may apply it to any specific problem. I will call the coordinates in the spaceship
x’, y’ and your coordinates x, y. The relative motion has the spacecraft
moving with speed v=0.8c in your positive x direction
where c is the speed of light.
The velocity c’ of the photon as seen in the spacecraft
makes an angle of 370 relative to the y’ axis and therefore
has components and
. The appropriate transformation equations to
find the components of the velocity c as seen by you are
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and
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Notice that the speed of the photon as seen by you is the
same as seen by the other observer, as it must under the central postulate of
special relativity. So, the way the
photon velocity vectors look to the two observers is:
The time it takes to go from the emitter to the screen for
the two observers can be found using time dilationmoving
clocks run slowly. So, if the observer
in the spacecraft measures the time to be
seconds, you will observe an elapsed time of
,
a much longer time.